Chapter 1 to 3: The factors affecting the popularity of serial killers in film and television

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

There was a saying by Filmmaker Abel Ferrara; Violence is cinematic. It's like putting mustard on a hot dog. Serial killers are often described as people who murdered their victims three or more in a period of more than a month with downtime between murders, before we dig deep in on what is a serial killer we must first differentiate what Is a serial killer from the other names like spree killer and mass murderer which the most people would mistakenly take them as the same. Now a serial killer kills in a sequential manner, with the killings separated on a long period of time, while a mass murderer kills a several people In a single event and for a spree killer, just like the serial killer they kill in a sequential manner but what makes them different is a serial killer will return to normal activity between killings while a spree killer will not.

This research will tackle specifically on serial killers, It is also important to note that serial killers are not a new phenomenon in so called civilized societies. They are not something created by industrialization or advancing technology, but something more readily revealed through industrialization and advancing technology. There are recorded accounts of serial killers in the fifteenth century, such as Gilles de Rais (Gribbon, 2005).

Looking further back into history, using today's definition of serial killer, it is likely many more serial killers would be discovered, where records could be analyzed.

According to the article, Natural Born Celebrities by David Schmid “Serial Killers are natural born celebrities, they're existence is famous in contemporary American culture, now a serial murder is something that is being done by a serial killer occuring over a period of time at different places, whose motive is not for material gain and there is usually no connection between the victim and the killer. (http://press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/738671.html )”

If we would think about it is somehow true that they are natural born celebrities maybe because of the media helping them out be famous and the serial killers helping them out as well by making them lots of money. We can see a lot of serial killer story especially in television and films.

Now movie making or movies is a unique medium among all tools of the trade, it has been a factor on why there is Celebrity serial killers. It is a medium defined by the representation of acts of violence and by the presence of stars.

Even television networks have continuously made profit from the serial killers' lives by having famous actors and actresses play them on TV shows and in movies because public people finds the life of a serial killer to be interesting and with the heinous acts that they portray, it gives the media reason to put them on display.

In a article I have read called Serial Killer vs Media: A Symbiotic Relationship? By Morgan Summerfield “All this being said, it would seem the easy answer is yes, serial killers have an impact on the media…they make them money. Yet, when one reverses the question, some troubling thoughts come to mind. Most serial killers are egotistical, desire attention, want people to know and understand that they are "all powerful." Doesn't the media feed this ego and even inflate it with sensational headlines such as "Green River Killer Outsmarts Police"? Given all the media coverage, articles, books, movies and websites devoted to serial killers there is a do it yourself library available for the serial killer wannabe (Anonymous c, 2005). In an era where the media has so much power to influence and so many people fail to think and just accept information provided by the media, isn't there a risk that the media is helping to "create" more serial killers?

(http://voices.yahoo.com/serial-killer-vs-media-symbiotic-relationship-12879.html?cat=7)”

It discussed how serial killers and the media is kind of a two way street wherein both takes care of each other. The serial killer impacts the media and the media impacts the serial killer. Together they impact society

The representation of violence or serial killers in film or television is so centralized. By constructing it's history we'd be able to track and enumerate the factors making serial killer popular in film and television.

Having background information on the popularity of the serial killer genre would help people understand such trend and thus making them fit to make a story for films or television similar to the serial culture tackled in this research.

The purpose of this paper is to enumerate and discuss the factors affecting the popularity of serial killers in television and films.

B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer this question:

1. What are the factors affecting the popularity of serial killers in television and films.

C. Significance of the Study

Film Students. This research paper would be able to help students in college taking up courses regarding films. They would be able to gain knowledge about the culture and trends portrayed from this study thus giving them insights for them to make such particular films in the future.

Film Makers. Film Makers will benefit from this study in regard to knowing certain key information in making related films specific to this research. They would be able to apply such information to their work.

Screen Writers. This study would be able to help screen writers in such that they would have knowledge in writing films related to this research, they would be able to understand how this particular genres of film work and could apply to their manuscripts.

Future Researchers. Future researchers would benefit because this will help them with their future study and this study can also act as a backbone or foundation.

D. Scope and Limitations

This research will focus on the factors involved on why such genre; serial killers on film/television are very popular.

This study will only be discussing the media of film/television with serial killers and no other genres.

E. Materials and Methods

1. This research employs a Descriptive method since the researcher aims to give factors on how serial killers are very popular. This method is the process of gathering analyzing, classifying and tabulating about prevailing conditions, trends, processes and making adequate and accurate interpretation about the data.

F. Definition of Terms

Serial Killers. is traditionally defined as a person who has murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month, with down time (a "cooling off period") between the murders.The motivation for killing is usually based on psychological gratification.

Screen Writer. is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based.

Film Maker. is the process of making a film. Film making involves a number of discrete stages including an initial story, idea. It involves scriptwriting, casting, shooting, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release.

Film Director. is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision.

Audience. is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, in this case film.

Plot. it's the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect.

Chapter 2

Discussion

I. Definition and factors affecting the popularity of serial killers in television and films.

Robert Ressler coined the term “Serial Killer”, the purpose was to label or to provide clarity of repetitive murders at different series of time. For years, people are fascinated by serial killers. Every people have their own notion on what serial killer is and how they operate there is always something more than meets the eye.

A typical serial killer being portrayed in film and television are those who is brutal, who kills their victim in a very unexpected way.

There's an article written by Morgan Summerfield entitled “Serial Killer vs Media” “How does all this fame come to fruition? Why all the attention? The serial killer and the profiler are celebrities in today's society. The more sensational the case, the more coverage it receives (O'Connor, 2005). Even over time, the stories of serial killers past are brought back to "life" in the media (Bell, 2005). The modern day serial killer seeks out attention for his or her acts and the media obliges with as many gory details as they can surmise. The public has a fascination with that which is not "normal." Just look at the popularity of Ripley's Believe it or Not. The initial sight of the two-headed dog may set us back, but we keep on looking. Humans are curious by nature. The media knows and feeds on this curiosity. The consumer or individual must take some responsibility for fostering and encouraging the media to pursue horrific stories. If circulation didn't go up every time some heinous act was committed and reported, the media would be less likely to pursue such stories. (http://voices.yahoo.com/serial-killer-vs-media-symbiotic-relationship-12879.html?cat=7)”

He discussed how people are attracted by gruesome stuff but yet somehow we don't find it really gruesome instead people are attracted to it and usually comes back for more. He also added the people are curious by nature, we are like cats but we don't have 9 lives. He then said that the media knows about this curiosity, and that's why the media are always making heinous film and series.

II. Factors affecting the popularity of serial killers in television and films.

A.The Villain and Hero Story.

A reason today why Serial Killer series and films are widely spread in the world is they have something that people likes to watch. The Villain and the hero, obviously the serial killer is the villain, you might think that the police is the hero, you might be right but in today's trend, they are called the “serial killers profilers” whom are made famous by movies like “The silence of the lambs”, TV series like Hannibal. In an article by Rose Rosenbaum entitled Why america loves serial killers :

“And then there are those pseudo-scientific charlatans, the "serial killer profilers" made heroes by The Silence of the Lambs and the bullshit best-sellers they write who claim to have fathomed the source of human evil in bromides like "low self-esteem" and "abusive family situations." The profilers get to be heroes because they convince Americans that however much evil is out there, however many serial killers, these specters are not unfathomable. Rather, they are explicable, capable of capture both physically and psychologically by these brilliant knights in scientific armor who can put the killers under the microscope and deliver us from evil. (http://www.slate.com/articles/life/the_spectator/2011/04/why_america_loves_serial_killers.3.html )“

He discussed how profilers are the heroes of serial killer movies and series. They are the one who saves the day and this is what makes the audience long for more, the idea of violence and a hero who stops violence has been the sole foot of the media industry, but audiences are not necessarily attracted to violence per se, but seem to be drawn to violent content because they anticipate other benefits, such as thrill and suspense. We are not really attracted to violence but how the characters in the movie and series faces the violence we perceive it as a meaningful acts of courage and see profilers as heroes.

B. Change in Creative artists.

New young artists are getting exposed in the film industry bringing fresh and exciting plots. In an article called Serial Killer Culture: The Movie by Katherine Ramsland, she interviewed John Borowski who's just finishing up his fourth film. John Borowski said:

“My interest in serial killers is a combination of growing up watching horror films and my curiosity of morbid and macabre subjects, which can range from the stories of Edgar Allen Poe to the films of Alfred Hitchcock. In making films on serial killers, I hope to attempt to understand them and their actions. They are human beings just like all the rest of us and I feel it is society's responsibility to attempt to understand them and not just execute them so they are out of sight, out of mind.

There must be a reason for their existence and I’m attempting to figure that out. Maybe there is no answer, but I find their lives fascinating, especially the serial killers with interesting psychological components. Gein, Nilsen, Dahmer, and Fish I find the most interesting because their actions are not only extreme and bizarre, but there seems to be definite trauma in their past which can be referenced to in causing their actions as a murderer. 

(http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/shadow-boxing/201302/serial-killer-culture-the-movie)”

Motivated people like John is the on responsible for bringing new ideas in the film industry. Artists like John are fueled with passion with their chosen medium they think beyond borders on what they do some might think of it as risk since they do not know if the public will like it or not and yet they are the ones coming up to the top. This type of people are affecting the serial killer trend in the film and television industry. He is specifically fascinated in the serial killer culture in movies.

Even new actors/actresses are portraying old serial killer characters like Hannibal whos previously played by Anthony Hopkins is now being played in a series called Hannibal by Mads Mikkelsen, whom which portrayed Hannibal very differently to Hopkins which gave the character a whole new meaning. People are getting more interested in new faces since the public wants new, fresh and exciting stories which fits perfectly.

C. Advancement of technology used in television and films.

With a lot of things changing day by day it is somehow hard to get tracked of today's technology.

An article entitled How has technology changed the entertainment industry? By Stephen Tobolowsky, He said:

“Technology's changed everything.  In just a physical sense, there is the possibility of a lot more, and a lot less being done.  You take cameras.  It used to take four men to operate a camera.  Now, with high def, one man.  That means 75 percent of the workforce is looking for a job.  The medium has changed.  The type of entertainments people seek have changed.

You could almost see the focal point of where the truth is changing.  For example, back in my heyday film was the thing.  That was the cauldron where ideas and great performances were created.  Now, film is kind of recycling '60s and '70s television shows -- for movies based on video games.  It's not really the cauldron of great ideas anymore.  Now, in a way, the cauldron of great ideas is cable TV.  Who would have thunk it?  That you can actually come the closest to creating a novel -- something like "Six Feet Under," or "Deadwood," or "Curb Your Enthusiasm."

The changes in technology have made it inexpensive enough to create novels in this novel way.  That has been a huge change.  I think the Internet is going to continue to change what the actor's role is.  That's why, for me, it's always important to know not just what project you're working on, but what story you're telling.  Because that is going to guide your path.(http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/how-technology-changed-entertainment-industry)”

He discussed how the changes in technology brings a large effect in the film industry making things inexpensive, Stephen Tobolowsky is both an actor and a writer with vast experiences in the film industry he explained how today's technology gives a new way of giving entertainment. People can practically make a film within a few days with todays modern gadgets. Advance workflow has been introduced in ways that there was no more limit in imaginations, every serial killers fantasy is being accomplished by visual effects. TV series like Hannibal uses a lot of visual effects that emphasize the personality and the portrayal of how Hannibal kills, it was brutal in a way that it's an art. Practical effects is not something the people in film industry have given up on but having the advancement in technology definitely put a notch more in film making.

Chapter 3

Summary, Conclusions and
Recommendations

Summary

This paper attempted to determine the different factors affecting the popularity of serial killers in film and television.

The research design used in this study is the descriptive method where data from several different online articles was used to answer the following research question that was stated. The research finds are the following:

1. Serial killer films should take inspiration from serial killers from the history, since they are usually inspired by real serial killers from the past, some are greatly exaggerated to catch the public's interest.

2. Today's Serial killers film and series uses a great deal of visual effects to emphasize brutality and the manner of killing by a certain serial killer, which should every film maker take in to consideration.

3. Film-maker should have a continuous flow of ideas since the public tends to get tired of over-done stories, by watching serial killer movies and series it'd be easy to create a new stories based upon already made story.

Conclusions

Based on the finding of this study, the conclusions are drawn:

1. People are attracted to Villain and Hero type of stories, especially if the story is very unexpected also film-makers should take into consideration the type of viewers they prefer to view the film.

2. The use of visual effects in modern films and television has a big impact on portraying the personalities of Serial killers. Film-makers should take regard of the post production side of making film; from the quality to color, from art production to context of the script.

3. More young screen writers are appearing and knows what the young wants in term of content thus giving out satisfaction to audiences.

4. The audience/public wants new ideas everyday, a continous flow of ideas regarding scriptwriting and film making approaches should be kept high with the fast phase of today's technology.

Recommendations

After drawing the conclusions of the study, the researchers hereby make the following suggestions/recommendations:

1. One should know the personality of a given character in order for it to work not only the character but the taste of the audience as well. In order for this to work, one should make research about different profiles of serial killers and applying it to the subject.

2. Audience loves the hero losing. This type of story trend should be considered by those who plans to make a similar film or series.

3. Film makers should take time researching about the particular genre. They should take time in watching similar films in order to have an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the films for one to be able to easily make a similar approach.

4. Substance is a crucial thing in serial killer genre. The audience take interests in a very smart approach in scripts and story telling. Filmmakers should keep the story interesting by putting ideas that are never before been attempted.

5. Film-makers should take in consideration the three part of production. Pre-production, by having a well written script it is easy to take the audiences interest. Production, with today's latest technology, film-makers should take advantage of the modern gadgets and the benefits of digital film-making. In post-production, Visual effects is a trend that hollywood has been perfecting for years, with this approach not only you differentiate your film from a low budget and a high budget but you also get more attention since it is what the public today Is looking for.

References:

Electronic Media

Ania Albhorn Nov 14, 2012, Serial Killers: Fascination or Fear?, Retrieved Dec 10 2013, From

http://www.criminalelement.com/blogs/2012/11/serial-killer-fascination-or-fear-ania- ahlborn- thriller-true-crime-film-sex-crime-book-to-screen

Ron Rosenbaum April 28, 2011 Why America Loves Serial Killers, Retrieved Dec 10 2013, From http://www.slate.com/articles/life/the_spectator/2011/04/

why_america_loves_serial_killers.3.html

Morgan Summerfield Dec 12, 2005 Serial Killer VS Media: A symbiotic relationship, Retrieved

Dec 10 2013, From

http://voices.yahoo.com/serial-killer-vs-media-symbiotic-relationship-12879.html?cat=7

David Schmid 2005 Natural Born Celebrities Serial killers in American Culture, Retrieved Dec 10 2013, From http://press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/738671.html 

Murderabilia

Have you ever thought if you could acquire stuff of a killer, maybe a signed book? or a dirty old i.d from the prison he stayed, well you can, and yes for a price. Murderabilia is form of underground market for those who wanted to buy a serial killer's stuff, from their clothes to just about anything! People usually buy this stuff on the internet which allows them to shop privately and can be hard to catch, one of a site the does this type of business is Darkvomit.com it is run by San Diego dealer Kelly Hutchison.

"The murderabilia trade is mostly legal (only eight states currently have laws regulating or banning it), but Kahan keeps looking for ways to impede it. He has corresponded with killers, including David Berkowitz, to explore how items offered for sale get out of prisons and into dealers' hands. He says he's heard about dealers who work just like sexual predators, grooming killers through the mail and during prison visits. Items are then handed over or mailed, and are often traded among dealers. Profits are sometimes shared with the killers."

I got this from a site called LAtimes.com in a article The unsavory 'murderabilia' market by Caitlin Rother. Of course it's illegal! who would buy such things? Well apparently.. Many. This type of business might sound good for others but it only brings more pain to the families of the victims but there is no good way of stopping, only thing people can do, is to not buy the stuff. What makes this more disturbing is the fact the profits are even shared with the killers, not cool at all. They are in a prison for a reason, they are in there to pay for what they've done not the other way around.

"But the public isn't always looking for lessons. People want to be entertained, and murder has become an abundantly popular subject for novels, movies and TV shows. An entire channel, Investigation Discovery, is dedicated to the topic."

It is everywhere, in my second blog posts I wrote how people are fascinated by violence, on why murder has been an popular subject in this day. Even though murderabilia has been spreading wide there are those who still fight against it. Meet senator John Cornyn. I've read from an article entitled John Cornyn’s Quest To End “Murderabilia” by Dan Solomon in texasmonthly.com, He first attempted to stop it in 2007 but failed due to this reason:

"The [new] bill does cause some concerns," says Marv Johnson, legal counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union in Washington, D.C. "It's a bit too broad and does raise some First Amendment issues by affecting protected activity."

Everyone had their point, but let's say someone special to you got killed, and you saw his personal belongings or even equipments used to kill your friend, posted on a site for sale, what would you feel?

Psychoanalysis and Profiling

When you think about psychology most often the first thing that would pop up on everybody's mind is Psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud, of course the founding father. As a simple introduction to Psychoanalysis, Freud believed that people can be cured by making unconscious thoughts and motivation into conscious resulting in insights, this is commonly used for people with depression and anxiety disorder.

For a Pyschoanalysis process to work a psychiatrist would have a patient lie in a couch to relax, and the doctor sits beside him taking notes while they told him about their dreams and childhood memories. It is a lengthy process and could take up several week to years. According to the article i've read Psychoanalyis by Saul Mcleod in simplypsychology.org

 "Anxiety disorders such as phobias, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder are obvious areas where psychoanalysis might be assumed to work"

 So now we've tackled a bit about psychoanalysis, one thing that baffles me is Profiling and how it is related to psychoanalysis and yet uses a different set of formulas, it is like a different world; in psychoanalysis you have a patient to work with, you ask him/her questions and she/he responds but in profiling or in criminal profiling to be specific, you have to deal only of the evidences presented to you by the "patient", you do not ask questions, pieces of the answer are given to you, that's what make profiling a bit more interesting. In an article i've read entitled Criminal profiling: the reality behind the myth by Lea Winerman for apa.org, they described how profiling work and how it can be useful in solving unsolvable cases, like for Jack the ripper case, they used crime scene clues to make predictions.

There are four phases or questions that profilers uses to gain insight of the personality or behavior of the murderer, the first of it would be what fantasy or plan, or both, did the murderer have in place before the act? What triggered the murderer to act some days and not others? This is more of what influenced that suspect to do such thing. What type of victims did the murderer selects? What were the method and manner? In here it could be anything from shooting, stabbing, strangulation or something more brutal. Body disposal is another fact to consider, Lastly is the postoffense behavior, most of serial killers can't be caught unless they wanted to be caught, this is the time the murderer leaves clues or certain style for them to get recognized. Criminal profiling are usually done by psychiatrist or those with psychology major since it tackles more of the behavior of the suspect.

Serial Killers and Mas Murderers: The Difference

Here's a photo of the infamous Erzabeth Bathory also known as The Countess Dracula, she was accused of torturing and kill hundred of girls and bathing on her victims blood. Honestly, She's my favorite killer of all killers in the history of killers and that's a lot of killers.

 Is she a serial killer or Mass murderer? What is even the difference? Well according to an article I read in Tribe.net by Anci Banci, she wrote a post about The differences between serial killers and mass murderers. She explained that a distinct difference between a serial killer and a mass murderer is the "cooling period" or the interval between killings. She added a mass murder will kill large groups of people at the same time. Examples of mass murders: Columbine High School Massacre, Virginia Tech Massacre and the Amish School Shooting. Mass murderers unlike serial killers, rarely have a sexual motive for their killings. A serial killer will kill, experience a cool down period, and sometime later (days, weeks, months) kill again. Examples of serial killers: Jack the ripper and the infamous Erzabeth Bathory, yes she is a serial killer, she couldn't have killed all of them in the same time, she has a name to uphold and people should not know about it, so she had to do it one by one.

Serial killers and Mass murderers are both dangerous and mentally ill. Though a mass murderer are often triggered by an event not related to his real problem, many of these people are carrying dissapointments, grievance and frustrations. Just like a ticking time bomb until one incident that would make them explode.

Serial killers on the other hand are suprisingly have higher IQ and most likely have a career, they also have a childhood experiences of abuse and are from broken homes, they often develop psychopatic behaviors.

To classify more  these types of killer i've encountered an article: History of Classifications of Serial Killers and Mass Murderers by Ashley Duval for forensicpsych.umwblogs.org. He listed a few points in which to classify if the person is a serial killer or mass murderer; Mass killers appear to suffer from psychosis and should be considered insane. and found little evidence of mental illness among serial killers. Serial killers, in my opinion are very smart people, they long for power, often i read stuff about serial killers having jobs as a doctor. Most serial murderers can be described as obsessive-compulsive because they normally kill according to a particular style and pattern. This is mostly true, they tend to leave a pieces for the police to solve and to somehow catch up with them, cause they wanted them to know, psychopath likes being the talk of the town.

Dr. Hannibal Lecter: Not your kind of doctor

Hannibal Lecter is a product of imagination of author Thomas Harris for the book The red dragon, The silence of the lambs and The Hannibal. So who is Hannibal Lecter? According to Thomas Harris

Dr. Lecter is vivid and terrifying. His eyes are maroon in color, and his voice has a hint of a metallic rasp. His teeth are small and white. A mature man well into middle age, Lecter is small and compact, and moves with unusual grace and silence. He has six fingers on one hand, the middle finger "perfectly replicated... the rarest form of polydactyly.

According to a site smithsonianmag.com in an article entitled The pros to being a psychopath by Amy Crawford, When most of us hear about the work psychopaths we often think of Dr. Hannibal Lecter, but when psychologists talks about psychopaths, we're referring to people distinct set of personality and characteristics, from being ruthless, fearless, mental toughness, charm, persuasiveness, and a lack of conscience and empathy, pretty much sums up Hannibal Lecter.

I'm using the photo of the recent TV series Hannibal it's not that i don't like Anthony Hopkins portrayal of Dr. Lecter, it's just that the recent portrayal of Mads Mikkelsen creeped me out hundred times than the latter.

Now that we know a few things about Hannibal Lecter, i'm sure the author Thomas Haris has some inspiration from where this fascinating character came from. In a article 

The True Story Of Hannibal Lecter: How The Real Life Hannibal Murdered His Last Victim And Tried To Bribe Arresting Officer by Maria G. Valdez in the site Latintimes.com, The name Alfredo Balli Trevino, a mexican doctor who turned out to be the inspiration behind Thomas Harris' infamous character Hannibal Lecter.

Alfredo Balli Trevino was a small, little man with dark red hair and there was a certain elegance about him.

On the afternoon of October 8, 1959, Jesús Castillo Rangel and Alfredo Ballí Treviño got into a fight. Some say that the two men were dating and Castillo Rangel supposedly said he was leaving Ballí Treviño and that sparked the fight.

Then the two got in a fight and ended up by Alfredo killing Rangel, it was said that Alfredo used the old "cloth over the mouth" trick and put Jesús to sleep, then he  injected another drug to make sure he was completely out. He then put Jesús in the bathtub, opened the shower and exsanguinated his victim. Ballí Treviño put the body in a stretcher and sliced it up until he could fit it in a box. It was not long until Homicides chief Eusebio Lara and Commander Alfonso González pretended to be patients and arrested Ballí in his office, Trevino was sentenced to die but was commuted after 20 years in prison. Trevino was also known as the "killer doctor," "the monster of Talleres," and "the vampire Ballí." According to the article he died from cancer in 2009 after spending his days post-prison practicing medicine in the same old office where he killed Jesús Castillo Rangel.

Serial Killer: A Construction

Why are serial killers called serial killers? This is a question a i had in my head when i was in a bus about to go home. Is there a specific reason in why they would name a killer or murderer a "serial killer", I mean why not just call it killer or murderer or crazy knife stabbing guy, So i looked it up and found an article entitled
Serial Killers Introduction by Maria on twistedminds.creativescapism.com. She said that the original term "Serial Killer" came from a former FBI special agent and one of the founding member's of Bureau's elite science unit aka "The Mind Hunters" or "The Psyche Squad", Robert Ressler:

In his 1992 memoir,Whoever Fights Monsters, Ressler writes that, in the early 1970s, while attending a weeklong conference at the British police academy, he heard a fellow participant refer to “crimes in series,” meaning “a series of rapes, burglaries, arsons, or murders.” Ressler was so impressed by the phrase that, upon returning to Quantico, he began to use the term “serial killer” in his own lectures to describe “the killing of those who do one murder, then another and another in a fairly repetitive way.” However, there is a problem with this story, since there is a documented proof that this expression existed at least a dozen years before Ressler supposedly invented it. First documented use of this term is traced back to 1961, and is used in Merriam Webster’s 1961 Third New International Dictionary. However, it was Ressler who altered the phase from serial murderer to serial killer.

But there is no clear definition invented to define a serial killer however there is three important elements to describe a Serial Killer:

Firstly, the person should have at least killed three people. The place of the murders should all be different locations and lastly, time, there should be a "cooling off period" an interval between murders that could range from hours to years. However, the problem with this that it is too broad and overly narrow, but the people from the National Institutes of Justice formulated a more flexible and accurate definition by which the authorities regard as more suitable.

A series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone. The crimes may occur over a period of time ranging from hours to years. Quite often the motive is psychological, and the offender’s behavior and the physical evidence observed at the crime scenes will reflect sadistic, sexual overtones.
-National Institutes of Justice

Recently, i acquired some knowledge about Killings way back in the 19th century and thought it would be a great example for this article. I found it at crime.about.com entitled Jack The Ripper by Charles Montaldo. You might have already know who Jack The Ripper is, if you don't let me tell you a bit about him; A serial killer murdered and mutilated at least five prostitutes in the East End of London in 1888, No one was ever arrested until today 128 years later, so now you know who he is, but  who is he actually?

"Jack The Ripper" is the name given to unknown killer due to correspondence at the time from someone claiming to be the killer signed with that name. But while the murders were taking place, the assailant was know as the Whitechapel Murder or "Leather Apron."

It is extremely impossible that anyone would uncover who Jack The Ripper is, even though people are still uncovering material that can help the case, the discovery of something unarguable has to be regarded as a long-shot.

Violently attractive: Kick Ass 2 and Jim Carrey

I'm a film-maker and I love watching movies, I'm sure mostly everyone do. I love drama, romance, comedy, horror, suspense and action.

I recently watched a film called Kick Ass 2 it's a 2013 British-American superhero action-comedy film based on the comic book of the same name and Hit-Girl, both by Mark Millar and John Romita, Jr. It's about a guy named Dave Lizewski "Kick Ass" retired from fighting crimes, he begans training with his old friend Mindy Mcready to become a proper hero. Meanwhile they're enemy Chris D'Amico was plotting a revenge against Kick Ass. It was a good movie, a superhero who fights crime and saves the day, who doesn't right? One thing that worries me was the amount of violence in it, though people watching it in the cinema didn't mind, I thought Why are audiences attracted to bloodshed, gore and violence?

I came by an article entitled Jim Carrey condemns violence in his own movie Kick-Ass 2 by Ben Child from the Guardian.com, Jim Carrey, part from the cast, he plays the vigilante colonel stars and stripes, he said the he could no longer support the film  due to a shooting massacre at Connecticut's sandy hook elementary school after the film.  He wrote: "I did Kick-Ass 2 a month before Sandy Hook and now in all good conscience I cannot support that level of violence. My apologies to others involve[d] with the film. I am not ashamed of it but recent events have caused a change in my heart."
But still why are audiences attracted to bloodshed, gore and violence? I am curious about what is so compelling in watching violent movies like Kick Ass 2? and particularly to when it is to the extreme and involves an helpless victim dying or getting saved.

In one study made by Anne Bartsch of University of Augsburg, Germany and Louise Mares, University of Wisconsin-Madisonin, an article entitled What attracts people to violent movies? on sciencedaily.com , "It suggested that audiences are not necessarily attracted to violence per se, but seem to be drawn to violent content because they anticipate other benefits, such as thrill and suspense."

So we are not really attracted to violence but how the characters in the movie faces the violence we perceive it as a moving and meaningful acts of courage and motivation in the face of violence.

Anothe article about Violence questioning if leads to the real life situations, entitled Does Media Violence Lead to the Real Thing? by Vasilis K. Pozios, Praveen R. Kambam and H. Eric Bender for the site NYtimes.com. The articles question how violence can lead to the real thing that they have done a researches that can actually prove that it is true but some tends to differ. Exposure to violent imagery does not preordain violence, but it is a risk factor.  It is however in my opinion, true, It is a risk factor but that does not mean if you watched a lot of movies you will be a serial killer, that's like saying if I smoke cigarettes I would eventually have lung cancer.

Everyday, debates about media violence raises pertaining the balance between public safety and freedom of speech, even though it can cause real life situation, we, people should be the one willing to regulate this violent content .